coenzyme i การใช้

• One central coenzyme is adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), the universal energy currency of cells.
• When the TPP coenzyme is bound, the rates of phosphorylation by all four isozymes are drastically affected.
• When bound in the active site of an oxidoreductase, the nicotinamide ring of the coenzyme is positioned so that it can accept a hydride from the other substrate.
• Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADP ); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.
• The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells : NAD is an oxidizing agent  it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications.
• When the TPP coenzyme is bound, the rates of phosphorylation by all four isozymes are drastically affected; specifically, the incorporation of phosphate groups by PDK1 into sites 2 and 3 is significantly reduced.
• Hundreds of separate types of dehydrogenases remove electrons from their substrates and reduce NAD + into NADH . This reduced form of the coenzyme is then a substrate for any of the reductases in the cell that need to reduce their substrates.